E-mails lacks cues like facial expression and tone of voice. That makes it difficult for recipients to decode meaning.
Second, the prospect of instantaneous communication creates an urgency that pressures e-mailers to think and write quickly, which can lead to carelessness in grammar, spelling, and tone.
Third, the inability to develop personal rapport over an e-mail makes relationships fragile in the face of conflict.
Different media are combined with these two factors to determine media richness. Because these factors are on a continuum, a medium may vary somewhat in richness, depending on its use by the sender and receiver. Messages that require a long time to digest or that can't overcome biases are low in richness. The text ranks face-to-face communication, voice mail and e-mails in descending order of media richness, but students raised on e-mail may have a different perspective.
When messages move through the grapevine by one person telling a rumor to the next, who then tells the next person, who tells the next and so on, the chain is called: single-strand
When messages move through the grapevine by only one person spreading the message, telling the story to almost everyone the person comes in contact with, the chain is called: gossip
When messages move through the grapevine by one person telling a rumor to the next, who then tells the next person, who tells the next and so on, the chain is called: single-strand
When messages move through the grapevine by only one person spreading the message, telling the story to almost everyone the person comes in contact with, the chain is called: gossip